Projects

International

Absorbcia, distribúcia, depozícia a eliminácia enkapsulovanej formy tymolu v organizme králikov.
Absorption, distribution, deposition and elimination of encapsulated form of thymol in rabbit organism.
Program:	Open Mobility
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	To ensure effective therapeutic and nutritional dosage of herbal additives, scientists have focused their attention on biotransformation processes, absorption, distribution and deposition of their compounds in animal organism. Thymol, a major compound of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), exhibits strong beneficial properties related to its phenolic structure. To describe the metabolic processes of thymol in an organism, we chose the rabbit as a model animal because it represents an appropriate model for the evaluation of the bioavailability of nutrients. In that, thymol is very volatile and evaporates quickly during feed processing, we decided to use more stable pelleted form of thymol, which allows its release in the small intestine, where main biotransformation processes are presented.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2024

Ako ovplyvňujú biotransformačné procesy tymolu "zdravie čreva" u zvierat.
How can biotransformation processes of thymol affect "gut health" in animal organism
Program:	Mobility
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	Currently, the widespread antibiotic resistance presents a global health problem, and it has forced researchers to return to the pre-antibiotic era. For this reason, the development of new drugs of natural origin presents a big challenge for scientists. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) has started receiving major attention either as dried leaves or its essential oil, as often demonstrated its beneficial properties. Since there is a lack of detailed information on thymol metabolism within the animal organism, further research should be done toestablish the relation between its concentration and biological role to optimise its effect on animal health, before recommending the application of thymol to farm animals generally.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2024

ANDRONET – Európska sieť pre andrológiu – koordinácia výskumu, vzdelávania a verejného povedomia
European Andrology Network – Research Coordination, Education And Public Awareness
Program:	COST
Project leader:	RNDr. Antalíková Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	ANDRONET aims to boost research collaboration, education and public awareness in andrology, a field of science that deals with male health. Currently there are no European- or world-wide networks through which researchers and clinicians in andrology can interact. The need for such a network is urgent due to the increasing incidence of infertility and testicular cancer, worrying reports of an association of poor reproductive function with poor health, and male predisposition to serious diseases, including Covid-19, leading to shorter life expectancy in men. Male infertility is common, but the patients are currently treated through assisted reproduction technology with primary burden on women. The aetiology of male reproductive problems is heterogeneous and comprises complex interactions between multiple genes andepigenetic factors, with largely unknown impact of environmental factors including infections. This COST Action proposes to increase multidisciplinary research collaboration and data exchange among andrology centres, and transfer of knowledge to European countries with less developed research. The initial consortium includes centres comprising complementary clinical and research expertise at a very high level, but ANDRONET will expand to reach a critical mass necessary for obtaining new knowledge and its possible commercial exploitation across Europe. ANDRONET aims to improve professional education in andrology which is fragmented among several medical branches and will contribute to the recognition of andrology as a medical subspecialty at European level. ANDRONET will strive to properly inform the public with evidence-based knowledge and thereby increase awareness of increasing male health problems and contribute to development of preventive measures.
Project web page:	European Andrology Network – Research Coordination, Education And Public Awareness
Duration:	27.10.2021 – 26.10.2025

GenE-Humdi – Liečba chorôb modifikáciou genómu
Genome Editing to Treat Humans Diseases
Program:	COST
Project leader:	MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu, DrSc
Duration:	15.9.2022 – 14.9.2026

MedPlants4Vet – Medicinálne rastliny v starostlivosti o zdravie zvierat: prechod z tradičnej na modernú veterinárnu medicínu.
Medicinal plants for animal health care: Translating tradition into modern veterinary medicine;
Program:	COST
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	The COST Action MedPlants4Vet will create an unprecedented European network of scientists and young researchers and stimulate research activities in different fields of phytochemistry, ethno- and phytopharmacology, pharmacognosy and clinical trials.
Project web page:	Medicinal plants for animal health care: Translating tradition into modern veterinary medicine;
Duration:	12.10.2023 – 11.10.2027

Molekulárne a fyziologické vlastnosti proteínov včelej materskej kašičky
Molecular and physiological properties of honeybee royal jelly proteins
Program:	Bilaterálne – iné
Project leader:	RNDr. Bíliková Katarína, PhD.
Annotation:	Study of physiologically active proteins and peptides of honeybee products, especially honeybee jelly and honey, with the aim of applying the results of the research in human medicine and nutrition
Duration:	1.4.2021 – 31.3.2024

EpiLipidNET – Paneurópska sieť pre lipidomiku a epilipidomiku
Pan-European Network in Lipidomics and Epilipidomics
Program:	COST
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	Lipids represent a wide variety of molecules that play different biological roles such as energy resources, structural components or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis. Most notably, lipids and oxidatively modified lipids have been found to be involved in regulating important mechanisms mediating tissue injury, inflammation, and related non-communicable diseases, which are responsible for near 70% of all deaths in developed countries.Lipidomics and Epilipidomics are the most promising strategies for the progress in the knowledge of lipids, aiming at biomarker discovery for the prevention, early diagnosis, monitoring, evaluation of diseases therapeutics. These approaches involve the use of complex protocols, different instrumentation and processing huge amounts of data. Effectiveness, while reducing the high costs associated with these technologies, requires a harmonized multidisciplinary approach involving coordinated actions from pan-European centres of lipidomics investigation. This will avoid unnecessary redundancy, improving reproducibility and ensuring efficient and productive research.EpiLipidNET aims to build and maintain a multidisciplinary pan-European network of researchers, clinicians and enterprises working in the field of lipidomics and epilipidomics to boost a hub of research excellence, advanced knowledge and technology transfer, to promote high level of training for young researches and facilitate clinical translation. EpiLipidNet will include five interactive Working Groups covering analytical methods and computational approaches in (epi)Lipidomics, clinical significance and applications, lipid signaling and mechanisms of action, dissemination and outreach.
Project web page:	Pan-European Network in Lipidomics and Epilipidomics
Duration:	13.10.2020 – 12.10.2024

LipAI – Regulácia lipidov ako protizápalová terapia
Lipid Regulation for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
Program:	JRP
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	Bacterial or viral infections can activate inflammatory processes. High-affinity inhibitory interactions between the anionic phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant and TLRs suggests that these lipids play a crucial role in regulating infectious and innate immune processes. This proposal aims to investigate the role of lipid regulation in microbial infection and host defense responses. Anionic lipids, such as phosphatidylglycerol(PG) and phosphatidylinositol(PI), are proposed to act as bait ligands for TLRs and viral attachment proteins. The therapeutic potential of valproic acid (VPA) in inducing the synthesis of PG in pulmonary surfactant, which could suppress inflammatory responses, will be investigated. The human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549 and pro-monocytic model cell line U937 will be utilized to address these inflammatory responses. Additionally, the study investigates methods for preventing the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and subsequent neuroinflammation. PG, PI, and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids will be tested as potential therapeutic agents to prevent neuro-inflammation.
Duration:	1.1.2024 – 31.12.2026

TRANSLACORE – Translačná kontrola v európskej onkologickej sieti
Translational control in Cancer European Network
Program:	COST
Project leader:	Mgr. Messingerová Lucia , PhD.
Duration:	4.10.2022 – 3.10.2026

LIFT – Zlepšenie životov hospodárskych zvierat – položenie základov pre pozitívne životné podmienky zvierat
Lifting farm animal lives – laying the foundations for positive animal welfare
Program:	COST
Project leader:	RNDr. Košťál Ľubor, CSc.
Annotation:	The main aim and objective of the Action is to define and conceptualise positive animal welfare, to identify valid methodologies to assess positive animal welfare, to assess the understanding and acceptance of this concept, and to suggest potential animal- and resource-based indicators of positive welfare to be monitored on farm.
Project web page:	Lifting farm animal lives – laying the foundations for positive animal welfare
Duration:	4.11.2022 – 3.11.2026

BETTER – Zvýšenie biosekurity v živočíšnej produkcii zvyšovaním povedomia a metód biokontroly pre redukciu rizík vzniku a šírenia infekčných ochorení.
Biosecurity enhanced through training evaluation and raising awareness
Program:	COST
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	Biosecirity is a paramount importance to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens and, consequently, to preserve health of farmed animals. Healthier animals result in better animal wellfere, better sustainability of animal production systems and less antimicrobial use. Despite these benefits, biosecurity is limited by different factors: lack of knowledge on ways for improvement, especially in extensive systems or settings with low resources, shortage of adequate ways to enhance communication, diversity methodologies and their cost-effectiveness, low number of trained professionals. To approach these challanges, project will evaluate how biosecurity is currently used and will use participative approaches to understand motivators and barriers for biosecurity implementation. Action will also compare existing methods and will identify which points has to be more trained and will develop courses for increase of professionals. Action will recommend priority research areas for future biosecurity improvement in animal production systems which will be reached via transdisciplinary group of investigators.
Duration:	21.10.2021 – 20.10.2025

National

Nano-Neuro-Plast – Aktivácia VGF/BDNF/TrkB dráhy syntetickou mRNA zapúzdrenou v polyplexových nanočasticiach: účinky na nervovú excitabilitu, neuroplasticitu a správanie zvierat
Activation of the VGF/BDNF/TrkB pathway by synthetic mRNA encapsulated in polyplex nanoparticles: effects on neural excitability, neuroplasticity and animal behavior
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu, DrSc
Annotation:	Neuroplasticity is the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to change and adapt throughout the life through its structural and/or functional reorganization. Brain plasticity is essential for the normal CNS function, while several CNS disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia, are accompanied by decreased neuroplasticity. Neurotrophic growth factors, such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), VGF, and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) play a key role in neuroplasticity. We will examine, for the first time, the effect of a non-invasive intra-CNS delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding these factors on neuronal excitability, plasticity, and animal behavior. Fluorescently labeled mRNA will be encapsulated in polyplex nanomicelles and administered intranasally. The incorporation of mRNA within the CNS will be assessed using STED microscopy. The effect of the exogeneous growth factor mRNA will be examined on neuronal excitability using in vitro and in vivo electrophysiology, on neurogenesis using the fluorescent immunohistochemical staining, on dendrito- and synaptogenesis using electron microscopy, on endogenous mRNA and protein expression-using the real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, and on intracellular calcium signaling using the method of planar lipid membranes. The effect of exogenous growth factor mRNA on the specific characteristic of animal behavior (cognition, social interacting, and anxiety) will be attested using appropriate behavioral tests. We expect that the polyplex nanomicelles to be designed will deliver mRNA encoding neurotrophic factors to the deep brain areas, with subsequent induction of pro-neuroplastic, pro-cognitive, anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. This non-invasive way of administration of a therapeutic mRNA into the brain might be used in the future as a next generation treatment strategy in depressive and psychotic disorders.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Bakteriocíny a ich využitie na redukciu nežiaducej mikrobioty v chove zvierat
Bacteriocins and their use to reduce spoilage microbiota in animal husbandry
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Pogány Simonová Monika, PhD
Annotation:	Methicillin resistance in staphylococci has had problem occuring also in animal production. Reduction and/or elimination of methicillin resistant (MetR) staphylococci in healthy breed is problem due to their multiresistance. However, utilization of antimicrobial proteinaceous substances –enterocins with a broad inhibition spectrum (produced by some strains of the genus Enterococcus) could be a promising way. In this basic research project will be therefore investigated inhibition activity of enterocins (characterized at our workplace) against a terget of faecal microbiota with impact on MetR and biofilm-forming staphylococci from various animals. Testing will be provided under in vitro as well as in vivo conditions; effect of enterocins against selected MetR strains will be verified in a model experiment by using experimental (mice) or farming (broiler rabbit) animals.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

BPKMKZHPMF – Bezantibiotické prístupy kontroly mastitíd dojníc so zvýšením hygieny prostredia na produkčných farmách
Non-antibiotic approaches to control mastitis of cows with an increase in the hygiene of dairy farms conditions
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava, PhD
Annotation:	Inflammation of the mammary gland ‒ mastitis is currently one of the three main diseases encountered by dairyfarmers. The most common treatment of mastitic cows is antibiotic therapy during lactation, but also all rounddrying programmes. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in several serious problems such as lowtreatment success, and the presence of antimicrobial residues in milk. For this reason, the EU by its "Farm to Fork"strategy plans to reduce the use of antibiotics for farm animals by 50%, which is also supported by a new laweffective from January 2022, that prohibits all forms of routine use of antibiotics and zinc oxide, includingpreventative herd treatment and all round drying of cows. In Slovakia as well as in the neighboring EU countries, nomethodological procedures have been established for dairy farmers regarding the drying of cows in order to reducethe use of antibiotics. The presented project comprehensively resolves the current problems encountered by dairyfarmers focusing on practical rationalization and implementation of new procedures for diagnosis, suppression andprevention of mastitis. The introduction of new diagnostic methods for the direct and indirect determination of inflammation symptoms supplemented by analysis of dairy cows based on clinical examination and the results ofmilk utility control with the application of algorithmic models for the detection of risky cows are among the basicobjectives of the project aimed at reducing the incidence of mastitis. One of the new components of the project tobe implemented in practice in order to reduce the consumption of antibiotics will include the introduction ofselective drying programmes for dairy cows and the development of an effective lactobacilli-based protective agentfor udder treatment. A new disinfectant for complex elimination of pathogens from the environment of the milkingparlor will be designed by the research team for use in practice conditions.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027

Bioaktívne oleje v terapii mikrobiálnych infekcií na modeli aviárnej chorioalantoickej membrány
Bioactive oils in the therapy of microbial infections on avian chorioallantoic membrane
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Máčajová Mariana, PhD.
Annotation:	The treatment of various microbial and yeast infections is currently a major challenge in veterinary medicine. For breeders, some diseases such as mastitis, trichophytia or onychomycosis are often eradicating. Because of frequent antibiotic resistance, other treatments are emerging. In our project we will develop an in vivo model for the research of yeast and bacterial infections. We will use quail and turkey chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to test the effects of various drugs and treatments. After validation and optimization of the model, we will topically apply bioactive substances in various concentrations and monitor their antimicrobial and biological effect. We will also monitor the additive effect of PDT using curcumin and hypericin. Angiogenic changes, expression of selected genes, histological and immunohistochemical changes after application of the substances will be examined. The obtained results will be useful in the treatment of yeast and microbial infections in animals and humans.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

GLYCO4BIO – Biočipové systémy na cielenú glykánovú analýzu biomarkerov pre biomedicínske a biotechnologické aplikácie
Biochip systems for targeted glycan analysis of biomarkers for biomedical and biotechnological applications
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	The GLYCO4BIO project focuses on research and development of analytical systems based on microarraybiochips enabling targeted and high-throughput glycoprofiling and their use in biomedicine and biotechnology. Thisis a strongly interdisciplinary research with a high degree of innovation, especially in the field of construction andapplication of original biochip devices on the microarray platform. New systems for analyzing glycan structures invarious types of biological samples will be developed, verified and validated, such as a high-performancemicrofluidic reflectometric label-free microarray system, and an on-chip glycoprofiling platform combiningmicroarray and MS technology. The expected benefit of the presented project is mainly in the development ofinnovative biochip systems for targeted glycorecognition based on modern technologies and their use inbiomedicine, biotechnology, the study of biointeractions and in the analysis and screening of biomarkers. Thesystems will be applied, for example, in the research and detection of biomarkers of congenital disorders ofglycosylation (CDG), cancer, gestational diabetes, in oncological research, as well as in the development andcharacterization of the therapeutic proteins. The developed biochip systems significantly outperform traditionaltechniques and have a high potential for their translation into clinical analysis. The expected results of the projectwill improve and expand the possibilities of diagnostics and therapy, and significant benefits are also expected inthe expansion of knowledge in the field of biomedical research, glycoproteomics and biotechnology.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Biologická dostupnosť rastlinných zložiek v živočíšnom organizme
Bioavailability of plant compounds in animal organism
Program:	Vedecko-technické projekty
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Duration:	12.10.2023 – 11.10.2027

Biomarkery nutričného a zdravotného statusu hospodárskych zvierat
Nutritional and health biomarkers in farm animals
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Grešáková Ľubomíra, PhD.
Annotation:	Proposal project is focused on the investigation of appropriate dietary and health biomarkers reflecting the dietary intake, nutritional status and biological effects of feed additives used in animal nutrition. Nutritional biomarkers are biochemical, functional, or clinical indices of animal status that reflect nutrient exposure (recent or long term), nutritional status depending on digestibility, absorption and utilisation of dietary nutrient, and nutrient metabolism/effect in animal body. Effective gastrointestinal functionality is crucial in determining animal health, welfare and performance, therefore we will focus on the biomarker determination of gastrointestinal functionality. The suitability of selected biomarkers will be tested in experiments by animal feed supplementation. The experiments will be aimed to improve the mineral status and optimize digestive processes in poultry and sheep to minimize the environmental pollution by the reduction of methanogenesis and excretion of heavy metals.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Biotechnologický potenciál netradičných kvasiniek z hľadiska produkcie skvalénu
Biotechnological potential of nonconventional yeast in the production of squalene
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Garaiová Martina, PhD.
Annotation:	Ergosterol biogenesis in yeast has been studied so far mainly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae traditionally used inbasic research and industry. It is quite surprising that very little is known about sterol homeostasis even in thelarge group of so-called nonconventional oleagionus yeasts utilized as producing organisms for various valuablelipids. The project is aimed at the study of sterol homeostasis in oleaginous yeasts Yarrowia lipolytica andRhodosporidium toruloides and on the role of lipid droplets in this process. Using the methods of metabolicengineering we will evaluate the potential of these yeasts in production of squalene, a precursor in ergosterolbiosynthesis with applications in cosmetic and pharmaceutic industry. We will also try to identify othernonconventional yeast species able to accumulate high amounts of squalene. The results of the project shouldcontribute to the extension of the basic knowledge about the mechanisms and biotechnological applications oflipid accumulation in yeasts.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Diagnostika onkologických ochorení pomocou aptasenzorov: vývoj a validácia
Diagnostic of oncological diseases using aptasensors: development and validation
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Annotation:	DNA aptamers, also referred to as DNA antibodies, are short single-stranded sections of DNA that form spatial structures that allow high-affinity to interact with receptors and other biomolecules. The project aims to develop and validate a new diagnostic method that utilizes the unique affinity properties of DNA aptamers for the early detection of cancer.In terms of project aims, we will analyze the molecular mechanisms of interactions between DNA aptamers and specific markers found on the surface of the tumor cells. We plan to use a sensitive method of quartz crystal microbalances (QCM), which allows real-time monitoring of interactions. For practical use, we plan to prepare conjugates of selected aptamers and gold nanoparticles depending on their physicochemical parameters and their interaction with neoplastic cells. We have the ambition to identify factors currently limiting the wider use of aptamers and aptamer-modified nanoparticles in clinical practice and contribute to their elimination.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

FATSPOMBE – Funkčná analýza TOR signálnej dráhy v regulácii abiotického stresu v kvasinke Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Functional analyses of TOR signaling pathway in the regulation of abiotic stress response in the fission yeast
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	As a consequence of our modern lifestyle, each organism is at the daily basis attacked by various impairing agents, oxidants, inducing elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by individual cells. Understanding the influence of those toxic elements on biochemical and physiological processes considerably contributes to specification of their toxicity. TOR kinase, a highly conserved kinase between species, belongs to the main regulators of cell growth and metabolism in response to various stresses. The aim of the proposed project is to investigate the molecular mechanism of TOR signaling in the cell defense machineries and cell cycle regulation under food toxicants acrylamide and its metabolites-induced stress, with the use of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as model system. S. pombe is a popular model organism for studies of basic biological processes. It is often referred to as “micromammal” as its genomic organization resembles that of higher eukaryotes including humans. Similar to higher eukaryotes, TORC1 and TORC2 have been identified in S. pombe. S. pombe TORC1, which contains the catalytic subunit Tor2, and TORC2, which contains Tor1 apparently have reverse, but coordinated, roles for growth, cell cycle and sexual development. Although, the role of TOR signaling in cell responses to various stresses has been intensively studied, the underlying mechanism of TORC2 and its catalytic subunit Tor1 in S. pombe in the cell protection and cell cycle regulation under stress conditions caused by food contaminants remains unclear. We aim to utilize state-of-the art research “OMIC” methods in molecular biology, genetics, spectroscopy, biochemistry, microscopy, and visualization to achieve the proposed objectives.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027

Charakterizácia excitačných a inhibičných neurónov v oblastiach mozgu doležitých pre vývin sociálneho správania v modeli autizmu
Characterization of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the brain areas relevant for development of social behaviour in the autismrelated model
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Jurkovičová Tarabová Bohumila, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2022 – 30.6.2026

Identifikácia behaviorálnych a neurobiologických indikátorov pozitívneho welfaru hydiny
Identification of behavioural and neurobiological indicators of positive poultry welfare
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Košťál Ľubor, CSc.
Annotation:	In the field of animal welfare science, there is a marked shift from negative welfare, the study of phenomena suchas fear, pain or suffering, to positive welfare. In addition to looking for indicators of positive welfare, this alsomeans looking for ways how to induce positive affective states, positive welfare. The aim of the project is to testthe possibility of inducing positive welfare in poultry by anticipation of reward, positive contrast in the magnitudeof reward or positive control of animals over their environment or resources. We will test the possibilities ofautomating behavioural recording as an important indicator of welfare and the hypothesis that the intensity ofneurogenesis in the hippocampus may serve as a marker of cumulative affective experience.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2026

Infračervená termografia ako nástroj štúdia emócií a welfaru zvierat
Infrared thermography as a tool for the study of emotions and animal welfare
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Pichová Katarína, PhD.
Annotation:	Thanks to the massive development of new technologies in recent years these have also become a part ofagricultural production. Precision Livestock Farming (PLF) represents a new system of animal farm productionwhich applies technologies to monitor the health and welfare of animals to improve the production and quality oflife of the animals. Infrared thermography, due to its non-invasiveness, represents a potential tool to measure thewelfare of poultry from several perspectives, whether assessing external indicators such as the degree ofplumage damage, but also physiological parameters detecting affective states through changes in temperature ofperipheral body regions. The aim of the project is to optimize the use of infrared thermography to assess welfarein laying hens, to test its application in commercial breeding conditions, and thus contribute to the development ofparameters objectively assessing the quality of life of animals.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2023

RENASTHERA – Inovatívna antisense terapeutická platforma pre CKD – chronické ochorenie obličiek
Novel renal antisense therapy platform for CKD
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Annotation:	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with its progressive nature towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a lethal andrapidly progressing severe health complication associated with significantly decreased quality of life and highmortality rates. Strikingly, despite the progress made in early-diagnostics of CKD, state-of-the-art therapeutics donot significantly decrease the risk of renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in CKD patients whichremain devastatingly high. This fact highlights an urgent need not only for novel therapeutics but also for theimplementation of progressive experimental and clinical tools into translational drug discovery. In this context, theproposed RENASTHERA project offers a novel therapeutic solution to stop progressive renal function loss. Thissolution is based on a patented method of nucleic acid inhibition. Periostin, a 90 kDa secreted protein wasidentified as a key player in CKD development, inhibition of which effectively prevented CKD progression. Thedesign, synthesis, and functional validation of an RNA inhibitor specifically designed for periostin RNA is thus theclearly defined scope of the proposed RENASTHERA project.
Duration:	1.8.2021 – 30.6.2025

Inteligentná hĺbková mozgová stimulácia ako inovatívna stratégia pre liečbu mozgových porúch
Smart deep brain stimulation as a treatment strategy in treatment-resistant depression
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MMedSc Dremencov Eliyahu, DrSc
Annotation:	Impaired connectivity between different brain areas underlines pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders. It is possible that impaired connectivity between prefrontal cortex and ventral pallidum is involved in depression. Smart deep brain simulation, combining real-time detection of the neuronal activity in in prefrontal cortex with the stimulation of ventral tegmental area, might be thus an effective in depression. We aim to examine the cortico-tegmental connectivity and to test the antidepressant-like effectiveness of the smart deep brain stimulation in an animal model of depression.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Interakcia mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu s translokátorovým proteínom
–
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2026

Interakcie mitochondriálnych genómov
Interactions of mitochondrial genomes
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Evolution and the origin of new species can be studied experimentally in yeasts, where new species arise in the process of speciation from interspecific hybrids. Hereby the crucial role play “out of tune” nucleo-mitochondrial interactions. Our aim is to use a number of hybrids with recombined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and known sequence to complete the aims from previous projects as well as to elucidate: (i) nucleo-mitochondrial interactions in interspecific hybrids; (ii) the nature of gain-of-function mutations that allow the cell to adapt toforeign mtDNA; (iii) whether mitochondrial protein synthesis is required to maintain complete mitochondrial genomes; (iv) to obtain evidence for the species-specific gene order in mtDNA and for the existence of recombined mtDNAs in nature; (v) to investigate the possibility of rearranging of the gene order in mtDNA; (vi) to investigate the possibility of communication in yeast mitochondria through small proteins encoded by the genes for mitochondrial ribosomal RNAs.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Kožný mikrobióm psov za fyziologických a patologických podmienok
The skin microbiome in dogs under physiological and pathological conditions
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Strompfová Viola, DrSc.
Annotation:	The complex community of microorganisms involved in important physiological functions, such as the biosynthesis of vitamins and amino acids or modulation of immune responses, is present not only in the gastrointestinal tract but also on the surface of intergumentary system in both humans and animals. Seeing that it is organ continually exposed to environmental conditions, many factors can contribute to the development of dysbiosis leading to various dermatological problems very frequent in dogs nowdays. However, knowledge about the composition, diversity and functions of skin microbiota in dogs is negligible. The aim of this project will be the taxonomic characterization of skin microbiota detected using cultivation and next-generation sequencing, focusing on healthy individuals and individuals with various skin diseases predominantly of infectious and immune character. The possibilities of optimizing/stabilizing bacterial skin colonization for maintenance of physiological skin functions will also be tested.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Kryofertilita – Kryouchovávanie gamét a embryí hovädzieho dobytka pre účely génovej banky
Cryopreservation of cattle gametes and embryos for gene banking
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Antalíková Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Cryopreservation and subsequent long-term preservation of gametes from genetically significant individuals of different livestock breeds play an important role in solving the issue of preserving animal gene resources. The methods of freezing of oocytes and ovarian tissues must ensure their good quality and viability after thawing. In ourprevious studies, we tested the in vitro cryopreservation procedure of mature bovine oocytes, which proved to be more successful compared to freezing of ovarian fragments containing follicles with immature oocytes. However, due to the high variability of results after in vitro fertilization of thawed oocytes, this strategy requires furtheroptimization. The project will be focused on increasing the survival of oocytes after thawing and minimizing freezing damages to oocytes, as well as on promoting cell division and development of preimplantation embryos in vitro derived from frozen oocytes. In this concern, besides optimizing the cryopreservation regime, we plan to modify theculture conditions by using special additives to the culture media (antioxidants, growth factors, etc.). It is expected that optimization of the methods would ensure greater cryotolerance of bovine oocytes and in vitro produced embryos for gene bank preservation purposes.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Kyselina puniková: produkcia a mechanizmy jej účinku v kvasinkách
Punicic acid: production and mechanisms of its action in yeasts
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Holič Roman, PhD.
Annotation:	Punic acid (18: 3Delta9cis, 11trans, 13cis) is the major constituent of triacylglycerols in pomegranate seed oil. It is characterized by a wide range of bioactive effects including currently highly attractive anti-cancer properties. Mechanisms of its action are unknown. The project is focused on the examination of its heterologous production and lipotoxicity in yeasts. Punicic acid production will be achieved by heterologous expression of two pomegranate genes involved in its biosynthesis. Project will focus on distribution of punicic acid in the cell, its effect on cell division, and mechanisms facilitating its efficient storage in the form of storage lipids. The acquired knowledge will contribute to the elucidation of anticancer effects of punicic acid and identification of factors necessary for its overproduction in yeast. Obtained results can be applied also in biotechnological production of other unusual fatty acids in microorganisms.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

NONBOVQUAL – Metóda pre hodnotenie mikrobiologickej kvality surového kozieho mlieka a aplikácia autochtónnych kyslomliečnych baktérií pri spracovaní nebovinných mliek
Evaluation method of raw goat milk microbiological quality and use of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria at non-bovine Milk processing
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Lauková Andrea, CSc.
Annotation:	The aim of the project submitted is to increase products quality made from non-bovine milks (ewes and goat). The value of total cell count in non bovine milk is their basic statutory indicator. In the past, a speedy routine method based on laser flow cytometry was introduced in Slovak practice for microbiolgical quality evaluation of raw ewes milk. This method proved to be beneficial for ewes milk producers and processors. However, for the evaluation of raw goat milk quality, solely the lenghty assigned cultivation method is still used. Therefore, the project aims to design a conversion formula specific for Slovakia to measure raw goat milk microbiological quality mean of laser flow cytometry method to CFU/ml which are used for statutory limits, and to the implementation of this method in practice as an accredited and authorized methods. For the improvement of dairy products quality based on non-bovine milks speedy methods which allow the separation of milk worth insufficient quality, do not constitute the only important condition. The other important condition consists in biological/bioprocessal methods of spoilage microbiota elimination during milk processing itself. Therefore, the subsequent aim of the project is the utilization of autochthonous beneficial, bacteriocin-producing lactic aicd bacteria strains with bacteriocin activity in products produced from non-bovine milks up to the implementation of such procedures in dairy processing.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Modulácia neuronálnej excitability homocysteínom
Modulation of neuronal excitability by homocysteine
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica, DrSc.
Annotation:	Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate of methionine metabolism physiologically presents in the plasma of healthy humans. Abnormally high plasma level of Hcy results in a metabolic condition called hyperhomocysteinemia (hhc). It is related to cardiovascular and neurological disorders including dementia, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and peripheral neuropathy. We will analyse the effect of hhc on the modulation of neuronal excitability at the level of single neurons and neuronal networks. Alteration of voltage-activated Na+, K+, and Ca2+ currents and ligand-gated glutamate and GABA receptors will be investigated in cultured primary thalamic neurons. The involvement of Ca2+ channel isoforms will be assessed in detail with the aim to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Finally, complex effects of changes in voltage- and ligand-gated channels on action potential firing will be characterized. The project will contribute to understand the mechanisms underlying neuropathologies related to hhc.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Molekulárne mechanizmy interakcie signálnych dráh kortikosteroidov a monoamínov v kardio- a neuropatológiách vyvolaných stresom
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Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027

IZOTIOVIVO – Molekulárne mechanizmy protinádorových vlastností trialkyl- /triarylcíničitých izotiokyanátov a karboxylátov, nových ligandov jadrových retinoidných X receptorov v karcinómoch mliečnej žľazy potkana a v ľudských nádorových bunkách prsníka
Molecular mechanisms of trialkyl-/triaryltin isothiocyanates\’ and carboxylates\’ antitumour properties – novel ligands of nuclear retinoid X receptors in rat mammary gland carcinomas and human tumour cell lines
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Šereš Mário, PhD.
Annotation:	Organometallic compounds, on account of their structural diversity, are applied in human oncology in the treatmentof cancer. Triorganotin derivatives showed significant cytotoxic properties. At the cellular level, they induce massivecell death in various types of cell cultures even at low concentrations and are able to activate the processes ofapoptotic pathways, in which several molecular mechanisms play a role. A significant breakthrough in knowledgewas our recent experimental confirmation of the ability of molecules of triorganotin compounds to bind to nuclearretinoid X receptors, and thus function as potent agonists. The aim of the present project is to investigate the in vivo effects of tributyl/triphenyltin isothiocyanates in the process of chemical carcinogenesis of the mammary glandof female rats, which is based on our current results of in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, the research ofantitumour properties of triorganotin compounds activating RXR-RAR heterodimers comprising novel RXR agonistsbased on triorganotin carboxylates, is envisaged. In vitro analyses of molecular mechanisms leading to inhibition oftumour cell growth or induction of apoptosis in the presence/absence of natural ligands of RAR receptors onhuman breast tumour cell lines: MCF-7 (non-invasive, ER positive), T47D (ER positive), MDA-MB-231 (invasive,triple negative) and MDA-MB-436 (invasive, ER negative, PR negative), will be accomplished. We also plan toachieve new data on the possible endocrine disruption of triorganotin compounds on the murine TM3 cell line andthe human COV434 cell line representing the reproductive system. We assume that the presented project will gainnew and original knowledge about the mechanism of the action of the studied substances through their binding andactivation of nuclear receptors, their transactivation as well as crosslink with other signalling pathways that maycontribute to the development of novel treatment options for breast cancer.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Molekulárne mechanizmy reakcií preimplantačného embrya na faktory prostredia
Molecular mechanisms of preimplantation embryo responses to environmental factors
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Čikoš Štefan, DrSc.
Annotation:	The project deals with the preimplantation embryo development, focusing on the mechanisms by which the early embryo responds to environmental factors. The role of selected cellular receptors will be investigated with emphasis on possible interactions between receptors activated by the same or by concurrent ligands (glutamate, glycine, GABA, selected insecticides). The impact of receptor ligand transporters will also be investigated. Selected intracellular signaling molecules and processes involved in the activation of the identified receptors as well as possible alternative mechanisms (such as oxidative stress) activated by the action of the investigated ligands will be analyzed. Understanding the mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the development of the preimplantation embryo can contribute to the development of husbandry, nutrition and animal health management practices that lead to a reduction of economic losses in livestock production caused by earlyembryo loss or later health disorders.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2026

Mutácie asociované s Wolframovým syndrómom: rozdielne signálne dráhy v zmysle metabolizmu vápnika a funkcie mitochondria
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Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2022 – 30.6.2026

Na stope identity mitochondriálneho chloridového kanálu
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Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Ševčíková Tomášková Zuzana, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027

HiVaLip – Nekonvenčné kvasinky ako producenty lipidov s vysokou pridanou hodnotou
Nonconventional yeasts as producers of high value-added lipids
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Holič Roman, PhD.
Annotation:	In addition to traditional baker`s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there is a large group of „nonconventional“ yeasts which have evolved specific metabolic adaptations enabling them to utilize various growth substrates. An important group of nonconventional yeasts is represented by oleaginous yeasts which are able to accumulate high amount of lipids. Due to specific lipid metabolism and ability to utilize various cheap waste products as growth substrates, several nonconventional yeast species could be used for the production of high value-added lipids. The project is focused on the potential of nonconventional yeasts for the production of two such lipids – punicic acid and squalene. Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the pomegranate seed oil. Squalene is a triterpenoid produced in eukaryotes as the intermediate in sterol synthesis. Both lipids show positive effects on human health and have thus high potential for the use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and as nutraceutics or additives to functional food and feedstuff. The project will focus on the effect of heterologous expression of genes from pomegranate on punicic acid production in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in two oleaginous yeasts Rhodotorula (Rhodosporidium) toruloides and Yarrowia lipolytica. Accumulation of squalene will be studied by applying the methods of metabolic engineering in R. toruloides and Y. lipolytica. An important aim of the project is also lipid metabolism and production of lipids in selected species of the genus Magnusiomyces and screening of nonconventional yeasts from yeast collections for their potential to produce high value-added lipids. In the identified species, the ability to utilize cheap waste substrates for growth will be determined. The results obtained within project implementation could thus extend the use of nonconventional yeasts in the biotechnological production of commercially valuable lipids.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

Nová generácia antidepresív – dlhodobé účinky na potomstvo
Novel antidepressant therapy – long term consequencies on offspring
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	prof. RNDr. Lacinová Ľubica, DrSc.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Nová generácia kŕmnych aditív vo výžive zvierat.
New generation of feed additives in animal nutrition.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	MVDr. Plachá Iveta, PhD
Annotation:	Recently, we have recorded a large number of scientific publications dedicated to the use of phytoadditives in animal nutrition. In particular those containing phenolic constituents with strong antioxidative properties. Most of the studies examined particularly the production performance. Whereas majority of scientific works is devoted to the commercial use only limited number of scientifically verified works is focused on the mechanism of action and metabolism of plant compounds. Based on our current knowledge we set a goal to research the metabolic biotransformation of the main bioactive component of Thymus vulgaris, thymol. The obtained results will enhance our current knowledge regarding its absorption and distribution in animal organism. The wide scientific community will be enriched by the results concerning the mechanism of action of main compounds of plant feed additives in animal organism as these knowledges are still lacking in scientific literature.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Nový pohľad na izotiokyanáty ako látky zasahujúce do homeostázy neoplasticky transformovaných buniek
A new insight at isothiocyanates as substances interfering with the homeostasis of neoplastically transformed cells
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Imrichová Denisa, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Nutraceutiká a ich medicínske a zdravotné výhody pre hospodárske zvieratá.
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	prof. MVDr. Faix Štefan, DrSc.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Objasnenie funkcie vybraných génov v meiotickom delení u kvasinky Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Elucidation of the function of selected genes in meiotic division in the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 30.12.2026

Omnipotence – Obranné mechanizmy mikrobiálnych a živočíšnych buniek pri znižovaní ich citlivosti na rastlinné defenzné zlúčeniny
Defense mechanisms of microbial and animal cells in reducing their sensitivity to plant defensive compounds
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	Living organisms have developed during evolution different strategies for securing better position in the competition for vital sources. Biosynthesis of various biologically active substances enabled specific organisms to be more successful than others. Plant metabolites have important position among these substances. Many products of plantsecondary metabolism are known as effective pharmacological tools. A widespread use of these plant products can be predicted in various applications in veterinary and human medicine, food safety, etc. These applications willdepend on the development of knowledge in biosciences, to which the presented project aims to contribute. The ability to modify the structure of known substances of plant origin in the laboratory gives almost unlimited possibilities for the rational design of new biologically active structures. Therefore, we choose "OMNIPOTENCE" asthe acronym of our project. The project is aimed primarily on several plant products and their semisynthetic analogues as possible tools for modulation of proliferation and phenotypes of neoplastic and microbial cells. Living cells have developed several defensive strategies against toxic attacks mediated by different substances. The ability to develop such strategies may be considered as a basal characteristic that enables the cell to survive in the hostile environment. In addition to response specific for various organisms, general strategies have developedduring evolution that are functional in various types of living cells including mammalian neoplastically transformed cells, eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbial cells. The proposed project will focus on detailed analysis of the mechanisms how neoplastic mammalian and microbial cells respond to selected plant defensive substances andtheir semisynthetic derivatives.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Pilotná štúdia selektívneho pôsobenia novej generácie RNA interferenčných agens na bunkovej úrovni
A pilot study of the selective effects of a new generation of RNA interfering agents at the cellular level
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Poturnayová Alexandra, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 31.12.2023

Plasticita mozgu v spojení s naučenou vokálnou komunikáciou u spevavcov
Brain plasticity associated with learned vocal communication in songbirds
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica, PhD.
Annotation:	Neuroplasticity or brain plasticity is the ability of the brain to change as a result of experience or injury. Except of other factors, neuroplasticity is enabled by neurogenesis. Impaired neurogenesis is associated with cognitive decline, behavioral changes, depression, and various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the aspects that caninfluence neurogenesis, and thus learning, memory or the number of new neurons in an injured area, is the circadian clock. However, its presence in various species is not clearly established. Therefore, our first aim is to determine if there are circadian oscillations in the number of newborn cells in the brain of songbirds. Songbirds share with humans some traits of neurogenesis as well as the rare ability of vocal learning. Injury in one of the areas controlling song led to changes in cerebellum that has been not studied for vocal learning up to now. Thus,in the second part of the project we propose to study the function of cerebellum for the learned vocal communication.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

KINSPL – Posttranslačná regulácia faktorov zostrihu pre-mRNA
Post-translational regulation of pre-mRNA splicing factors
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Many splicing factors have been shown to be post translationally modified by phosphorylation, however, very little is known about the principles of this regulation. Additionally, linking protein kinases with functional consequencesfor the splicing factors they target is quite challenging. Recently, we performed systematic analysis of spliceosomalsubcomplexes of fission yeast S. pombe and identified novel phosphomodifications of splicing factors. Phenotypicanalysis of phospho-mimicking and phospho-null mutants of selected splicing factors revealed that their activitiesare robustly regulated by phosphorylation. Importantly, we identified several spliceosome-associated proteinkinases which are likely to regulate the spliceosome through phosphorylation of splicing factors.In this project, we will continue in our effort and will study the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We willestablish direct connections between splicing factors and the spliceosome-associated protein kinases. Affinitypurification followed by advanced mass spectrometry and ATP analog-sensitive mutants of spliceosomeassociatedprotein kinases will be employed to characterize the dynamics of spliceosome phosphorylation. We will also analyse in detail the splicing alterations induced in splicing phosphomutants using RNA-seq and qRT-PCRanalyses, and compare them with the alteration evoked after inhibition of spliceosome-associated protein kinases.This will allow us to identify specific phosphomodifications of splicing factors which are determinative for splicingtransitions and coordinated regulation of splicing.It is widely accepted that studying the post-translational regulation of splicing is crucial to get better insight into themechanisms regulating gene expression in normal and pathological states. Thus, understanding of the regulatorymechanisms of splicing factors will ultimately lead to approaches to correct or circumvent splicing-related diseasesat the molecular level.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2024

ALTZINC – Potenciál a perspektíva alternatívnych zdrojov zinku vo výžive hospodárskych zvierat
Potential and prospect of alternative zinc sources in animal nutrition
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Čobanová Klaudia, PhD.
Annotation:	The presented project proposal is focused on the use of various zinc nanoparticles and organic zinc sources as mineral supplements in animal nutrition and their effect on microelements absorption, retention, and utilisation in ruminants and poultry. Investigation of the effects of various dietary zinc sources on physiological processes and microbial parameters of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and poultry should bring new principal results. In general, the experiments will be aimed at improving the mineral status and optimising digestive processes in farm animals in an effort to reduce zinc excretion and thus environmental pollution of minerals from animal production. Research on the distribution of specific zinc-containing metalloproteins in animal tissues and their dependence on appropriate delivery of zinc in the form with high bioavailability may provide us with new basic information which in turn may be useful in practice for better prevention of oxidative stress and its negative consequences. The impact of various zinc nanoparticles in the animal feed on the quality of products of animal origin will be investigated as well. The basic knowledge obtained by fulfilling of objectives of the proposed project should also lay the foundation for future applied research on the supplementation of feeds with bioavailable zinc sources in order to improve animal health and performance.
Duration:	1.7.2022 – 30.6.2026

LIPinINF – Potenciálna úloha kyseliny valproovej v potlačení zápalu
The potential role of valproic acid in attenuation of inflammation
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thusdrastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and theirsecretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. To answer specific questions, we will use three models differing in their complexity – yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), human tumor cell line (HAP1), and avian chorioallantoic membrane. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in ARDS patients and reduce the attachment of the virus to cell surface receptors. This would mean a reduction in infectious particle transmission between individuals and significant alleviation of ARDS symptoms.
Duration:	1.8.2021 – 30.6.2025

PUFA-REPRO-BOOST – Prevencia reprodukčného zlyhania v období pripúšťania zvierat prostredníctvom skrmovania kŕmnych aditív s vysokým obsahom polynenasýtených mastných kyselín
Prevention of periconceptional reproductive failure in animals via supplementation of diet with various sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	MVDr. Fabian Dušan, DrSc.
Annotation:	In recent decades, many studies have reported a worrisome decrease in the reproductive performance of farm animals. Dietary lipid supplementation can be a good strategy to reduce the extent of reproductive failure. Oilseed meals and cakes, derived from seed oil extraction, represent interesting co-products usable for such purposes. The main aim of the project will be to evaluate the effect of diet supplementation with flaxseed and camelina cake, important sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on the ability to conceive and to reduce early embryo loss in two model animals – pubertal gilts and mouse females. Experimental animals will be fed a PUFAs supplemented diet for several weeks during the preconception period. After assessment of basic reproductive parameters, biochemical alterations in the microenvironment of developing germ cells and the impact of such alterations on antioxidant activity and membrane integrity of oocytes and proliferative and reparative activity of preimlantation embryos will be evaluated. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the impact of diet supplementation, expression of relevant molecules (receptors for hormones, prostaglandins, biosynthetic enzymes, regulatory proteins, etc.) in oocytes, embryos and tissues of the reproductive tract will be assessed. Furthermore, the protective potential of diet supplementation by PUFAs in reproductive disorders related to aging and oxidative stress in vitro will be assessed. Study will bring novel information on the mechanisms underlying the impact of PUFAs on ovulation and early embryonic development. Furthemore, acquired knowledge would result in targeted use in livestock production and veterinary practice.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027

Príjem a metabolizmus externých sterolov počas hypoxického stresu u kvasiniek
Sterol quality control in utilisation of external sterols under hypoxic stress in yeast
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Valachovič Martin, PhD.
Annotation:	Hypoxic stress significantly affects sterol homeostasis in yeast. The proposed project addresses utilization of exogenous sterols, namely animal cholesterol and plant sterols, as an adaptation to low oxygen conditions. We will focus on the mechanism(s) that cells possess to monitor compatibility of imported sterols and yeast membranes. We named this a ‘sterol quality control‘ concept. Studied will be individual components of sterol import: cell wall proteins, plasma membrane sterol transporters and sterol esterifying enzymes. In a view of the proposed concept, the physical and physiologically relevant membrane properties in which native ergosterol has been replaced by environmental sterols will be analyzed. Since the host sterol uptake contributes to resistance of pathogenic fungi to antimycotics, the project has the potential with respect to the innovation of existing antimycotics as well as development of the new ones.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Proteíny prenášajúce lipidy – štúdium molekulárnych mechanizmov a ich možné využitie ako cieľov intervencie pri liečbe niektorých ochorení.
Lipid transfer proteins – study of molecular mechanisms and their potential as targets in treatment of selected human diseases.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Griač Peter, DrSc.
Annotation:	The aim of the project is to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selected lipid-transfer proteins and thepossibilities of their use as targets for the treatment of human diseases caused by microorganisms and parasites.We will focus on two types of diseases: those caused by yeast and fungi, and malaria caused by the protozoanPlasmodium falciparum. The absence of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) Pdr16 causes an increase inthe susceptibility of yeast microorganisms to clinically used antifungals. To understand why, we will investigate ina model organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the physiological role and molecular mechanism ofaction of the Pdr16 protein and its closely related Pdr17 protein. In P. falciparum, we will study two PITPs with theCRAL-TRIO structural domain that these proteins share with S. cerevisiae Sec14p. We will take advantage of theknowledge that Sec14p can be inhibited by molecules, some of which are under clinical investigation as potentialantifungals.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2026

Regulácia ryanodínových receptorov (RYR) z mozgu potkana vo fyziologických a patofyziologických podmienkach
Regulation of ryanodine receptors (RYR) from the rat brain under physiological and pathophysiological conditions
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Marta, PhD.
Annotation:	The ryanodine receptor (RYR) plays a key role in neuronal Ca2+ signaling that is substantially involved in neurotransmission. In the brain, all three RYR isoforms are expressed that likely complicates study of their function and regulation at the single channel level. Our aim is to reliably recognize individual RYR isoforms using specific functional parameters and assess whether there exist tissue-specific properties of them. Further, we will monitor RYR channels from the rat brain under pathophysiological conditions that will be achieved by stripping FKBP12 (the RYR associated protein) from the channel complex employing the endogenous phosphorylation machinery. For the RYR2 isoform (the dominant one in the brain), we will test our hypothesis about the inhibition effect of dantrolene, which is likely manifested only under some conditions. Our ambition is to understand the molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effect of dantrolene on some neurodegenerative diseases that are linked to RYR dysregulation.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Sledovanie prepojenia molekulárnych dejov vedúcich k rozvoju viacliekovej rezistencie v leukemických bunkách
Monitoring the interconnection of molecular events leading to the development of multidrug resistance in leukemic cells
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

Sledovanie vplyvu UV-B žiarenia na poškodenie DNA a reparačných mechanizmov v bunkovej línií L1210 exprimujúcej P-glykoproteín
The effect of UV-B radiation on DNA damage and repair mechanisms in the P-glycoprotein-expressing L1210 cell line
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Šereš Mário, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Špecifické zmeny v expresii niektorých génov zahrnuté v rozvoji rezistencie leukemických buniek voči xenobiotikám
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Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	prof. Ing. Breier Albert, DrSc.
Duration:	1.1.2023 – 31.12.2026

Štrukturálne usporiadanie pre-mRNA nevyhnutné pre exonizáciu Alu
​​​​​RNA structural determinant of Alus exonization
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Královičová Jana, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Štúdium proteínov tetraspanínovej rodiny v procese reprodukcie hovädzieho dobytka
Study of tetraspanin family proteins in cattle reproduction process
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Ing. Jankovičová Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Tetraspanins are membrane proteins of various types of somatic cells of many animal species involved in numerous functions. Based on the described expression and functional experiments on mouse gametes, it is clear that they are also involved in the fertilization process. Our analyses confirmed the presence of CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins on bull sperm as well as bovine and porcine oocytes and embryos. Since these proteins act within the complex, so-called tetraspanin web, the aim of this project is to study other molecular partners, whether from the family of tetraspanins or others in terms of their importance in the process of bovine reproduction. The results obtained would not only extend the knowledge in the field of physiology of mammalian reproduction, but could also contribute to the identification of new markers useful in practice, as the reproduction of livestock is an exclusively controlled process.
Duration:	1.1.2020 – 31.12.2023

Úloha fosfatidylglycerolu v potláčaní zápalu
The role of phosphatidylglycerol in attenuation of inflammation
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Balážová Mária, PhD.
Annotation:	In the context of current SARS-CoV-2 infections and accompanying pulmonary complications, attention needs to be focused on all aspects of the respiratory system. The virus is causing damage to type II alveolar cells, thus drastically reducing the production of lung surfactant lipids and proteins that are essential for respiration and their secretion into alveolar space. Understanding the defense mechanisms of the lungs plays a crucial role in responding to infection. One of the critical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The main objective of this project is to contribute to the knowledge about the potential use of valproic acid to induce the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol in the pulmonary surfactant. We hypothesize that intracellularly increased phosphatidylglycerol level could suppress inflammatory responses in our A549 alveolar tumor cell model and similarly in patients with ARDS.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Úloha proteín-proteínových interakcií v regulácii srdcového ryanodínového receptora
The role of protein-protein interactions in regulation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	Mgr. Gaburjáková Jana, PhD.
Annotation:	Ca2+ ions, essential for contraction of cardiomyocytes, are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2), an indispensable component of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery. Function of the RYR2 channel is modified by multiple associated proteins, located on both cytoplasmic and luminal RYR2 faces. The goal of this project is to investigate new aspects of protein-protein interactions involved in RYR2 regulation from the luminal side where calsequestrin (CSQ2) presumably senses and translates changes in luminal Ca2+ to the RYR2 channel. However, the RYR2 channel possesses also intrinsic luminal Ca2+ sensor within its first luminal loop. The physiological roles of such luminal sensors and their co-existence remain to be defined. We will examine what structural changes in CSQ2 induced by Ca2+ are communicated to the RYR2 channel and whether the regulation role of CSQ2 could be replaced by calreticulin, which is overexpressed in the SR in the absence of CSQ2.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

DRPGE – Úloha proteínov DNA opravy v génovej represii
The role of DNA repair proteins in gene repression
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Bágeľová Poláková Silvia, PhD.
Annotation:	Eukaryotic cells have evolved two mechanistically distinct pathways to repair double-strand breaks during mitosis: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). More recently, HR proteins have been shown to play critical roles in maintaining genome integrity during DNA replication. Additionally, our latest research showed that Dbl2 protein along with other HR proteins act in concert with HIRA histone chaperone to assemble repressive chromatin near hard-to-replicate sites. Notably, cells lacking either HR proteins or HIRA factors exhibited increased levels of antisense RNA and RNA from the LTR retrotransposons and subtelomeric genes. Furthermore, the localization of the misregulated genes significantly correlated with repetitive DNA elements such as LTRs. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. In this project, we propose that the observed repression of gene expression is an integral part of the recombination-dependent replication pathway. We postulate that Sap1 binding to LTRs blocks replication fork progression and results in stalled or collapsed replication forks. Collapsed replication forks are remodeled and relocated to nuclear periphery. The relocation of damaged DNA to nuclear periphery can provide an access to a set of factors necessary for particular pathways of DNA repair. At nuclear periphery both imprecise NHEJ and break-induced replication pathways are favored. After the repair, the affected hard-to-replicate sites might be quickly silenced by factors such as HIRA to avoid a toxic gene expression. In this project, we intend to use classical genetics, high-resolution microscopy and advanced methods based on whole genome sequencing such as MNase-seq and ChIP-seq to obtain a more quantitative picture of chromatin dynamics. We believe that the findings of this research will have broad implications to the field of cancer research and cell division.
Duration:	1.7.2022 – 30.6.2026

Úloha T-typu vápnikových kanálov v patofyziológii motorických neurónov
Physiopathology of T-type calcium channels in motor neuron function
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	dr. Weiss Norbert, PhD.
Duration:	1.1.2022 – 31.12.2025

Optogenetika u s – Určenie úlohy dopamínu a neurogenézy v dospelosti pre naučené správanie spevavcov pomocou optogenetickej manipulácie
Examining the role of dopamine and adult neurogenesis in learned behavior of songbirds using optogenetic manipulation
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Mgr. Niederová-Kubíková Ľubica, PhD.
Annotation:	Dopamine signaling and neurogenesis play an important role in structural and functional neuroplasticity in the adultbrain. In this project, we focus on the role of the dopaminergic neurotransmission and the role of newborn neuronsfor the control of learned motor sequences in songbirds. While there are numerous studies about motor sequencelearning with external reward such as food, studies that involve internal reward system are rare. The internalreward system has been linked with dopamine signalization, and the songbird vocal learning and productionrepresent a great model for such study since the birdsong comprises sequences of very fast actions. We proposeto use the modern technique of optogenetics to manipulate vocal sequences. The optogenetic approach enablesprecise control of neural activity in a specific brain region in a freely moving animal with millisecond precision. Herewe propose to modify dopamine reward signaling to the striatal part of basal ganglia and examine the changes inthe song sequence. The results will determine the role of dopamine reward system in birdsong learning. In thesecond part of the project, we propose to optogenetically manipulate the activity of new neurons incorporated to thebrain region necessary for song production. The number of newborn neurons in this region increases at the timewhen the song structure is more variable and new syllables are integrated to the song. We will find in the projectwhether new neurons born in adulthood are able to modify the song and whether they enable or contribute to thesong variability.
Duration:	1.7.2021 – 30.6.2025

LEBRE – Viaclieková rezistencia u leukemických buniek – fenotyp spôsobený interferenciou viacerých molekulárnych príčin
Multidrug resistance of leukemia cells – Phenotype caused by interference of multimodal molecular reasons
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	Ing. Sulová Zdena, DrSc.
Annotation:	The multidrug resistance (MDR) of neoplastic cells represents a serious problem in the treatment of cancer. Tumor transformed cells could develop a wide range of defense mechanisms that enable them to escape from apoptosis induced by chemotherapy. In our project, we will focus on research concerning the development and particularlyidentification of mechanisms involved in resistance of leukemic cells. The most common molecular feature responsible for development of MDR in neoplastic cells represent expressions and transport activity of transporters belonging from the ABC gene family, and particularly the best-known member of this family ABCB1 protein alsoknown as P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Our findings in the previous period has shown that during development of multidrug resistance associated with P-gp overexpression several alterations of processes lead to cell death (such as: response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, deregulation of calcium dependent processes in the intracellularspace or induction and progression of programed cell death – apoptosis) could occurred. These alterations are associated with the remodeling of surface proteins and their ubiquitination and glycosylation. These changes, and probably many others, create a complex insight of the molecular changes responsible for the reduced response ofleukemia cells to the drugs induced apoptosis. In the current project we will focus to bring novel results important for understanding of the interplay of various molecular changes involved in development of multidrug resistance in leukemia cells. As a model we will use cell sublines obtained by adaption of parental leukemia cells to stressors of endoplasmic reticulum, proteasome inhibitors, hypomethylating agents and vincristine.
Duration:	1.7.2020 – 30.6.2024

Vychytávanie železa a rezistencia na antibiotiká u Enterobacterales potravinových zvierat.
Iron intake and antibiotic resistance in food animal Enterobacterales.
Program:	VEGA
Project leader:	RNDr. Bujňáková Dobroslava, PhD
Annotation:	The main objective of the proposed project will be to obtain a new knowledge about the relationship betweenantibiotic resistance, virulence, ferric ions uptake and biofilm formation on model species of food animal bacteriai. e. Enterobacterales and Escherichia concerning to extraintestinal – ExPEC, avian pathogenic – APEC andverotoxigenic – VTEC Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter. Research will be focused on the most importantmechanisms of resistance: plasmid ampicillinases, cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid resistance tofluoroquinolones and resistance to colistin. Bacterial clonal relatedness and sequence type (ST) of selectedEscherichia coli isolates will be also determined. The achieved results will be applicable in bacteriologicaldiagnostic of resistance mechanisms by interpreting reading of minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic andin student education.
Duration:	1.1.2021 – 31.12.2024

RETATGZPP – Využitie rekombinantných enzýmov s tioglukozidázovou aktivitou na transformáciu rastlinných glukozinolátov a ich analógov na biologicky aktívne látky s preventívnym a supresívnym účinkom na rozvoj neoplázie.
Use of recombinant enzymes with thioglucosidase activity for the transformation of plant glucosinolates and their analogues into biologically active substances with preventive and suppressive effect on neoplasia development
Program:	APVV
Project leader:	RNDr. Imrichová Denisa, PhD.
Duration:	1.7.2023 – 30.6.2027